Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza ama-semiconductor, imodeli yendabuko yokukhiqiza utshalomali olukhulu, enemali enkulu ibhekene nenguquko engaba khona. Ngombukiso ozayo we-"CEATEC 2024", i-Minimum Wafer Fab Promotion Organization ibonisa indlela entsha sha yokukhiqiza i-semiconductor esebenzisa imishini yokukhiqiza i-semiconductor emincane kakhulu ngezinqubo ze-lithography. Lokhu kuqanjwa kabusha kuletha amathuba angakaze abonwe emabhizinisini amancane naphakathi nendawo (ama-SME) kanye nabaqalayo. Le ndatshana izohlanganisa imininingwane efanele ukuze ihlole ingemuva, izinzuzo, izinselele, kanye nomthelela ongaba khona wobuchwepheshe obuncane be-wafer fab embonini ye-semiconductor.
Ukukhiqiza ama-Semiconductor kuyimboni edinga kakhulu imali kanye nobuchwepheshe. Ngokwesiko, ukukhiqizwa kwama-semiconductor kudinga amafekthri amakhulu namagumbi ahlanzekile ukuze kukhiqizwe ngobuningi amawafa angama-intshi angu-12. Imali yokutshalwa kwezimali enkulu yendwangu ngayinye enkulu ye-wafer ivamise ukufinyelela kuma-yen ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili (cishe amabhiliyoni ayi-120 ama-RMB), okwenza kube nzima kuma-SME nabaqalayo ukungena kulo mkhakha. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvela kobuchwepheshe obuncane be-wafer fab, lesi simo siyashintsha.
Ama-wafer amancane ama-wafer amasistimu okukhiqiza ama-semiconductor asebenzisa amawafa angu-0.5-intshi, ehlisa kakhulu isikali sokukhiqiza kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namawafa endabuko angu-12-intshi. Imali etshaliwe yale mpahla yokukhiqiza ilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-yen ezingama-500 (cishe izigidi ezingama-23.8 zama-RMB), okwenza ama-SME nama-startups aqale ukukhiqiza ama-semiconductor ngemali ephansi.
Umsuka wobuchwepheshe obuncane be-wafer fab ungalandelelwa emuva kuphrojekthi yocwaningo eyasungulwa yi-National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) e-Japan ngo-2008. Le phrojekthi ihlose ukudala ithrendi entsha yokukhiqiza i-semiconductor ngokuzuza izinhlobonhlobo eziningi. , ukukhiqizwa kweqoqo elincane. Lolu hlelo, oluholwa uMnyango Wezomnotho, Wezohwebo Nezimboni waseJapan, lubandakanya ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinkampani nezinhlangano zaseJapan eziyi-140 ukuthuthukisa isizukulwane esisha sezinhlelo zokukhiqiza, okuhloswe ngaso ukunciphisa kakhulu izindleko nezithiyo zobuchwepheshe, okuvumela abakhiqizi bezimoto nemishini yasendlini ukuthi bakhiqize ama-semiconductors. nezinzwa abazidingayo.
**Izinzuzo ze-Minimum Wafer Fab Technology:**
1. **Ukutshalwa Kwezimali Okuncishiswe Kakhulu:** Izindwangu eziyisinkwa ezinkulu zendabuko zidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu okudlula amakhulu ezigidigidi zama-yen, kuyilapho utshalomali oluhlosiwe lwendwangu encane ye-wafer ingu-1/100 kuphela kuya ku-1/1000 yaleyo mali. Njengoba idivayisi ngayinye incane, asikho isidingo sezikhala ezinkulu zefektri noma ama-photomasks okwakhiwa kwesifunda, kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza.
2. **Amamodeli Okukhiqiza Aguquguqukayo futhi Ahlukahlukene:** Indwangu encane yama-wafer igxila ekwenzeni imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yamaqoqo amancane. Le modeli yokukhiqiza ivumela ama-SME kanye nabaqalayo ukwenza ngokwezifiso ngokushesha futhi bakhiqize ngokwezidingo zabo, bahlangabezane nesidingo semakethe semikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso nehlukahlukene ye-semiconductor.
3. **Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza Ezenziwe Lula:** Izisetshenziswa zokukhiqiza ezindwangu ezincane eziyisilucwe ezinomumo ofanayo nosayizi wazo zonke izinqubo, futhi iziqukathi zokuthutha eziyilucwecwana (amashutha) zisebenza endaweni yonke esinyathelweni ngasinye. Njengoba izinto zokusebenza nama-shuttles kusebenza endaweni ehlanzekile, asikho isidingo sokugcina amakamelo amakhulu ahlanzekile. Lo mklamo unciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza nobunkimbinkimbi ngobuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile bendawo kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezenziwe lula.
4. **Ukusebenziseka Kamandla Okuphansi kanye Nokusetshenziswa Kwamandla Ekhaya:** Izinto zokwakha ezindwangu ezincane eziyisilutshwana nazo zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi futhi zingasebenza kumandla avamile wasendlini we-AC100V. Lesi sici sivumela lawa madivayisi ukuthi asetshenziswe ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwamagumbi ahlanzekile, okuqhubeka nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nezindleko zokusebenza.
5. **Imijikelezo Yokukhiqiza Efushanisiwe:** Ukwenziwa kwe-semiconductor yezinga elikhulu ngokuvamile kudinga isikhathi eside sokulinda kusukela eku-odweni kuye ekulethweni, kuyilapho ama-wafer fabs amancane angathola ukukhiqizwa ngesikhathi kwenani elidingekayo lama-semiconductor phakathi nesikhathi esifiselekayo. Le nzuzo ibonakala ikakhulukazi emikhakheni efana ne-Inthanethi Yezinto (IoT), edinga imikhiqizo emincane, exube kakhulu ye-semiconductor.
**Ukuboniswa Nokusetshenziswa Kobuchwepheshe:**
Embukisweni we-"CEATEC 2024", i-Minimum Wafer Fab Promotion Organization ibonise inqubo ye-lithography isebenzisa imishini yokukhiqiza i-semiconductor emincane kakhulu. Phakathi nombukiso, kwahlelwa imishini emithathu ukuze ibonise inqubo ye-lithography, ehlanganisa ukumbozwa kokumelana, ukuchayeka, nokuthuthukiswa. Isiqukathi sokuthutha esilucwecwe (i-shuttle) sasibanjwe ngesandla, safakwa emshinini, futhi savulwa ngokucindezela inkinobho. Ngemuva kokuqedwa, i-shuttle yathathwa futhi yafakwa kudivayisi elandelayo. Isimo sangaphakathi nokuqhubeka kwedivayisi ngayinye kuboniswe kumamonitha azo.
Lapho lezi zinqubo ezintathu seziqediwe, isinkwa esilucwecwana sahlolwa ngesibonakhulu, sembula iphethini enamagama athi “Happy Halloween” kanye nomfanekiso wethanga. Lo mboniso awuzange ubonise kuphela ukuba nokwenzeka kobuchwepheshe be-wafer fab encane kodwa futhi wagqamisa ukuguquguquka kwawo nokunemba okuphezulu.
Ukwengeza, ezinye izinkampani seziqalile ukuzama ubuchwepheshe obuncane be-wafer fab. Isibonelo, i-Yokogawa Solutions, inkampani ephethwe yi-Yokogawa Electric Corporation, yethule imishini yokwenza izinto ezilula futhi ezijabulisa ngobuhle, cishe elingana nomshini othengisa isiphuzo, ngamunye ufakwe imisebenzi yokuhlanza, ukushisisa, nokuchayeka. Le mishini yenza ngempumelelo ulayini wokukhiqiza we-semiconductor, futhi indawo encane edingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe ulayini wokukhiqiza "i-mini wafer fab" ilingana nezinkundla ezimbili zethenisi kuphela, i-1% nje yendawo yendwangu eyi-wafer engama-intshi angu-12.
Kodwa-ke, ama-wafer fabs amancane njengamanje alwela ukuncintisana nezimboni ezinkulu ze-semiconductor. Imiklamo yesekethe ye-Ultra-fine, ikakhulukazi kubuchwepheshe bezinqubo ezithuthukisiwe (ezifana ne-7nm nangaphansi), isathembele kumishini ethuthukisiwe nasemandleni okukhiqiza amakhulu. Izinqubo ze-wafer ezingamayintshi angu-0.5 zendwangu encane ye-wafer zifaneleka kakhulu ukukhiqiza amadivayisi alula, njengezinzwa kanye ne-MEMS.
Indwangu encane ye-wafer imelela imodeli entsha ethembisa kakhulu yokukhiqiza i-semiconductor. Ebonakala ngokushintshashintsha okuncane, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo, kulindeleke ukuthi anikeze amathuba amasha emakethe kuma-SME nezinkampani ezisungula izinto ezintsha. Izinzuzo zama-wafer fabs amancane zibonakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezithile zohlelo ezifana ne-IoT, izinzwa, kanye ne-MEMS.
Ngokuzayo, njengoba ubuchwepheshe buvuthwa futhi buthuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo, ama-wafer fabs amancane angaba amandla abalulekile embonini yokukhiqiza i-semiconductor. Abagcini nje ngokuhlinzeka amabhizinisi amancane ngamathuba okungena kulo mkhakha kodwa bangase baqhubekisele phambili izinguquko ekwakhekeni kwezindleko namamodeli okukhiqiza embonini yonke. Ukufeza lo mgomo kuzodinga imizamo eyengeziwe kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono, nokwakhiwa kwe-ecosystem.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhushulwa okuyimpumelelo kwendwangu encane ye-wafer kungaba nomthelela omkhulu kuyo yonke imboni ye-semiconductor, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokuhlukahluka kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka, ukuguquguquka kwenqubo yokukhiqiza, nokulawula izindleko. Ukusetshenziswa okwandile kwalobu buchwepheshe kuzosiza ukuqhubekisela phambili ukuqamba okusha kanye nenqubekelaphambili embonini ye-semiconductor yomhlaba wonke.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-25-2024