Kuthatha izinyathelo ezintathu ukufaka indlovu esiqandisini. Ngakho uyihlanganisa kanjani inqwaba yesihlabathi kukhompyutha?
Yiqiniso, lokhu esibhekisela kukho lapha akusona isihlabathi esisogwini, kodwa isihlabathi esiluhlaza esisetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-chips. "Isihlabathi sezimayini ukwenza ama-chips" kudinga inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi.
Isinyathelo 1: Thola Izinto Ezisetshenziswayo
Kuyadingeka ukukhetha isihlabathi esifanele njengempahla eluhlaza. Ingxenye eyinhloko yesihlabathi esivamile nayo i-silicon dioxide (SiO₂), kodwa ukukhiqizwa kwama-chip kunezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu ekuhlanzekeni kwe-silicon dioxide. Ngakho-ke, isihlabathi se-quartz esinokuhlanzeka okuphezulu nokungcola okuncane ngokuvamile kuyakhethwa.
Isinyathelo sesi-2: Ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe
Ukuze kukhishwe i-silicon ehlanzekile esihlabathini, isihlabathi kufanele sixutshwe nempushana ye-magnesium, sishiswe ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, bese i-silicon dioxide yehliselwe ku-silicon emsulwa ngokusabela kokunciphisa amakhemikhali. Ibuye ihlanzwe ngezinye izinqubo zamakhemikhali ukuze kutholwe i-silicon yezinga le-elekthronikhi enobumsulwa obufika ku-99.9999999%.
Okulandelayo, i-silicon yebanga le-elekthronikhi idinga ukwenziwa ibe yi-silicon eyodwa yekristalu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho besakhiwo sekristalu yephrosesa. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokushisisa i-silicon ehlanzekile ibe yisimo esincibilikisiwe, ifake ikristalu yembewu, bese izungeza kancane bese iyidonsa ukuze yakhe i-cylindrical single crystal silicon ingot.
Okokugcina, i-crystal silicon ingot eyodwa isikwa ibe amawafa amancane kakhulu kusetshenziswa isaha yocingo lwedayimane futhi amawafa ayapholishwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo ebushelelezi nengenasici.
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Inqubo Yokukhiqiza
I-silicon iyingxenye ebalulekile yamaphrosesa ekhompyutha. Ochwepheshe basebenzisa izinto zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengemishini ye-photolithography ukwenza ngokuphindaphindiwe i-photolithography kanye nezinyathelo zokunamathisela ukuze bakhe izendlalelo zamasekhethi namadivayisi kumawafa e-silicon, njengokuthi "ukwakha indlu." Iwafa ngayinye ye-silicon ingamumatha amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zama-chips.
Indwangu ibe isithumela ama-wafer aqediwe esitshalweni esisetshenzwa ngaphambili, lapho isaha ledayimane lisika amawafa e-silicon abe izinkulungwane zama-rectangles angawodwana alingana nozipho lomunwe, ngamunye oyi-chip. Khona-ke, umshini wokuhlunga ukhetha ama-chips afanelekayo, futhi ekugcineni omunye umshini uwafake ku-reel futhi uwathumele embonini yokupakisha nokuhlola.
Isinyathelo sesi-4: Ukupakisha kokugcina
Esikhungweni sokupakisha nokuhlola, ochwepheshe benza izivivinyo zokugcina ku-chip ngayinye ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi benza kahle futhi balungele ukusetshenziswa. Uma ama-chips ephumelela ukuhlolwa, afakwa phakathi kwe-sink yokushisa kanye ne-substrate ukuze enze iphakheji eliphelele. Lokhu kufana nokubeka "isudi yokuzivikela" ku-chip; iphakheji yangaphandle ivikela i-chip emonakalweni, ukushisa ngokweqile, nokungcoliswa. Ngaphakathi kukhompuyutha, le phakheji idala uxhumano lukagesi phakathi kwe-chip nebhodi lesifunda.
Kanjalo nje, zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo ye-chip eshayela umhlaba wezobuchwepheshe ziyaqedwa!
I-INTEL KANYE NOKWENZIWA
Namuhla, ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe zibe yizinto eziwusizo kakhulu noma ezibalulekile ngokukhiqiza kuyimbangela ebalulekile yomnotho womhlaba. Ukukhiqiza izimpahla eziningi ngezinto ezincane noma amahora omuntu ambalwa kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi kungase kukhulise inani lomkhiqizo. Njengoba izinkampani zikhiqiza imikhiqizo eminingi ngesivinini esisheshayo, inzuzo kulo lonke uchungechunge lwebhizinisi iyanda.
Ukukhiqiza kusemongweni we-Intel.
I-Intel yenza ama-semiconductor chips, ama-graphics chips, ama-chipset ebhodi lomama, namanye amadivaysi ekhompyutha. Njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor kuba nzima kakhulu, i-Intel ingenye yezinkampani ezimbalwa emhlabeni ezingaqedela kokubili ukuklama okuphambili nokukhiqiza endlini.
Kusukela ngo-1968, onjiniyela be-Intel nososayensi baye banqoba izinselele ezibonakalayo zokupakisha ama-transistors amaningi abe ama-chips amancane namancane. Ukufeza lo mgomo kudinga iqembu elikhulu lomhlaba wonke, ingqalasizinda yefekthri ehamba phambili, kanye ne-ecosystem eqinile yochungechunge lokuhlinzeka.
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-Intel semiconductor buguquka njalo eminyakeni embalwa. Njengoba kubikezelwe uMthetho kaMoore, isizukulwane ngasinye somkhiqizo siletha izici ezengeziwe nokusebenza okuphezulu, sithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, futhi sinciphisa izindleko ze-transistor eyodwa. I-Intel inezindawo zokuhlola eziningi zokukhiqiza nokupakisha emhlabeni jikelele, ezisebenza kunethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke eguquguquka kakhulu.
UKWENZIWA KANYE NEMPILO YANSUKU ZONKE
Ukukhiqiza kubalulekile ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke. Izinto esizithintayo, esithembele kuzo, esizijabulelayo futhi esizisebenzisayo nsuku zonke zidinga ukwenziwa.
Kalula nje, ngaphandle kokuguqula izinto zokusetshenziswa zibe izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi, bekungeke kube khona izinto zikagesi, izinto zikagesi, izimoto, neminye imikhiqizo eyenza ukuphila kusebenze kahle, kuphephe futhi kube lula.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-03-2025