Kuthatha izinyathelo ezintathu ukulingana nendlovu esiqandisini. Ngakho-ke ulingana kanjani nenqwaba yesihlabathi kwikhompyutha?
Kuyiqiniso, esikubhekise kulokhu akusiso isihlabathi ebhishi, kepha isihlabathi esiluhlaza esisetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-chip. "Isihlabathi sezokumbiwa phansi ukwenza ama-chip" adinga inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi.
Isinyathelo 1: Thola Izinto Ezingavuthiwe
Kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe isihlabathi esifanele njengento eluhlaza. Ingxenye eyinhloko yesihlabathi esivamile nayo i-silicon dioxide (Sio₂), kepha ukukhiqizwa kwe-chip kunezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu ekuhlanzeni kwe-silicon dioxide. Ngakho-ke, isihlabathi se-quartz esinokuhlanzeka okuphezulu nokungcola okuncane kukhethwe ngokuvamile.
Isinyathelo 2: Ukuguqulwa kwezinto zokwakha ezingavuthiwe
Ukukhipha i-silicon emsulwa e-Ultra kusuka esihlabathini, isihlabathi kufanele sihlanganiswe ne-powder ye-magnesium, efudumele ekushiseni okuphezulu, kanye ne-silicon dioxide incishiswe ku-silico emsulwa ngokusabela okumsulwa kwamakhemikhali ngokusabela okumsulwa kwamakhemikhali ngokusabela okunciphise. Kube sekuhlanzwa nezinye izinqubo zamakhemikhali ukuthola i-silicon ebangeni le-elekthronikhi ngokona kufika ku-99.9999999%.
Okulandelayo, i-silicon ebangeni le-elekthronikhi idinga ukwenziwa ngocingo olulodwa lwe-crystal silico ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho besakhiwo se-processal. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokushisa i-silicon ehlanzekile ebushelelezi ku-molten state, kufakwa ikristalu yembewu, bese ujikeleza kancane futhi uyidonsa ukuze wakhe i-cylindrical silicongo ingot.
Ekugcineni, i-Crystal Silicon Ingot igawulwa ama-wafers anciphile kakhulu asebenzisa i-wire wire waw kanti ama-wafers aphonswe ukuqinisekisa indawo ebushelelezi futhi engenasici.
Isinyathelo 3: Inqubo yokukhiqiza
I-Silicon iyingxenye ebalulekile ye-Computer processors. Ochwepheshe basebenzisa imishini yobuchwepheshe obuphakeme njengemishini ye-PhotoLithography ukuze baphinde basebenzise ama-PhotoLthography kanye nezinyathelo zokuthola izingqimba zamasekeli namadivayisi ku-Silicon Wafers, njengokuthi "ukwakha indlu." I-Silicon wafer ngayinye yamukela amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zama-chip.
I-Facse Bese ithumela ama-wafers aqediwe esitshalweni sangaphambi kokucubungula, lapho iDayimane sabona isusa ama-silicon wafers abe izinkulungwane zomuntu ngamunye usayizi womunwe, ngamunye we-chip. Ngemuva kwalokho, umshini wokuhlunga ukhetha ama-chips afanelekile, bese ekugcineni omunye umshini ubabeka e-reel bese ubathumela esitshalweni sokufaka nesivivinyo.
Isinyathelo 4: Ukupakishwa kokugcina
Esikhungweni sokufaka nokuhlola, ochwepheshe benza izivivinyo zokugcina kwi-chip ngayinye ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bayasebenza futhi bakulungele ukusetshenziswa. Uma ama-chips edlulisa isivivinyo, afakwa phakathi kokushisa ukushisa kanye ne-substrate ukwakha iphakethe eliphelele. Lokhu kufana nokubeka "isudi evikelayo" ku-chip; Iphakheji langaphandle livikela i-chip kusuka kumonakalo, ekushiseni ngokweqile nasekungcoleni. Ngaphakathi kwekhompyutha, leli phakethe lidala ukuxhumana kukagesi phakathi kwe-chip nebhodi yokujikeleza.
Njengalokho nje, zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo ye-chip eshayela umhlaba wezobuchwepheshe usuqediwe!
I-Intel ne-Extrevis
Namuhla, ukuguqulwa kwezinto eziluhlaza ezintweni eziwusizo noma ezibalulekile ngokukhiqiza kungumshayeli obalulekile womnotho womhlaba. Khiqiza izimpahla eziningi ezinezinto ezingaphansi noma amahora ambalwa we-man kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi kungaqhubekisela phambili inani lomkhiqizo. Njengoba izinkampani zikhiqiza imikhiqizo eminingi ngesilinganiso esisheshayo, inzuzo kulo lonke elasemabhizinisi ukuthuthuka kwebhizinisi.
Ukukhiqiza kusemgogodleni we-Intel.
I-Intel yenza ama-semiconductor ama-chip, ama-graphics chips, ama-chipsets ebhodio, namanye amadivayisi wekhompyutha. Njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor kuba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, i-Intel ingenye yezinkampani ezimbalwa emhlabeni ezingaqedela zombili ukwakheka kokusika nokwakha endlini.
Kusukela ngo-1968, onjiniyela be-Intel nososayensi baye banqoba izinselelo ezingokomzimba zokupakisha ama-transistors amaningi ngokwengeziwe abe ama-chip amancane futhi amancane. Ukuthola le nhloso kudinga iqembu elikhulu lomhlaba jikelele, ingqalasizinda ehola phambili yefektri, kanye ne-ecosystem eqinile yokuthenga.
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-temonductor se-Intel buvela njalo eminyakeni embalwa. Njengoba kubikezelwe ngumthetho kaMoore, isizukulwane ngasinye semikhiqizo siletha izici eziningi nokusebenza okuphezulu, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, futhi kunciphise izindleko ze-transistor eyodwa. I-Intel inezindawo eziningi zokukhiqiza nezindawo zokuhlola emhlabeni jikelele, ezisebenza kwinethiwekhi yomhlaba eguquguqukayo kakhulu.
Ukudla kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke
Ukukhiqiza kubalulekile empilweni yethu yansuku zonke. Izinto esizithintayo, zithembela kuzo, zijabulele futhi zidle nsuku zonke zidinga ukukhiqiza.
Kalula nje, ngaphandle kokuguqula izinto ezingavuthiwe zibe yizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, bekungeke kube khona ama-elekthronikhi, izinto, izimoto, izimoto, neminye imikhiqizo eyenza impilo isebenze kahle, iphephe, futhi ibe lula kakhulu.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: Feb-03-2025